Amal S. M. Obeidi (2008a) ‘“Political Elites in Libya since 1969”’, in Libya Since 1969: Qadhafi’s Revolution Revisited. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 105–126. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=9e80df96-b55c-e611-80c6-005056af4099.
Amal S. M. Obeidi (2008b) ‘“Political Elites in Libya since 1969”’, in Libya Since 1969: Qadhafi’s Revolution Revisited. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 105–126. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=9e80df96-b55c-e611-80c6-005056af4099.
Anouar Boukhars (2011) Politics in Morocco: Executive Monarchy and Enlightened Authoritarianism. London: Routledge. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000464989707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Arab and Islamic Studies - LibGuides at University of Exeter (no date). Available at: http://libguides.exeter.ac.uk/ArabandIslamicHomePage.
Beblawi, H. (2016) ‘Chapter 2: “The Rentier State in the Arab World”’, in H. Beblawi and G. Luciani (eds) The Rentier State. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 49–62. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991004180959707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Bernard Rougier and Stephane Lacroix (eds) (2015a) Egypt’s Revolutions: Politics, Religion, and Social Movements. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991002743279707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Bernard Rougier and Stephane Lacroix (eds) (2015b) Egypt’s Revolutions: Politics, Religion, and Social Movements. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991002743279707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Boukhars, A. (2011a) ‘Chapter 5: Islamists and realpolitik’, in Politics in Morocco: Executive Monarchy and Enlightened Authoritarianism. London: Routledge, pp. 107–129. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000464989707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Boukhars, A. (2011b) ‘Chapter 5: Islamists and realpolitik’, in Politics in Morocco: Executive Monarchy and Enlightened Authoritarianism. London: Routledge, pp. 107–129. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000464989707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Brownlee, B.J. and Ghiabi, M. (2016) ‘“Passive, Silent and Revolutionary: The ‘Arab Spring’ Revisited”’, Middle East Critique, 25(3), pp. 299–316. Available at: https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ich&AN=ICHA993914&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Davidson, C.M. (2012) After the Sheikhs: The Coming Collapse of the Gulf Monarchies. London: Hurst. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991001034769707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Dirk J. Vandewalle (ed.) (2008a) Libya Since 1969: Qadhafi’s Revolution Revisited. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Dirk J. Vandewalle (ed.) (2008b) Libya Since 1969: Qadhafi’s Revolution Revisited. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Dirk Vandewalle (2012) A History of Modern Libya. Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://encore.exeter.ac.uk/iii/encore/record/C__Rb3448411?lang=eng.
Farhad Kazemi, Augustus Richard Norton (2000a) ‘“Hardliners and Softliners in the Middle East: Problems of Governance and the Prospects for Liberalization in Authoritarian Political Systems”’, in Democracy and its Limits: Lessons from Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 69–89. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=da3b3b66-efc9-e711-80cd-005056af4099.
Farhad Kazemi, Augustus Richard Norton (2000b) ‘“Hardliners and Softliners in the Middle East: Problems of Governance and the Prospects for Liberalization in Authoritarian Political Systems”’, in Democracy and its Limits: Lessons from Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 69–89. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=da3b3b66-efc9-e711-80cd-005056af4099.
Farhad Kazemi, Augustus Richard Norton (2000c) ‘“Hardliners and Softliners in the Middle East: Problems of Governance and the Prospects for Liberalization in Authoritarian Political Systems”’, in Democracy and its Limits: Lessons from Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 69–89. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=da3b3b66-efc9-e711-80cd-005056af4099.
Francesco Cavatorta and Vincent Durac (2011a) Civil Society and Democratization in the Arab World: The Dynamics of Activism. London: Routledge. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000296269707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Francesco Cavatorta and Vincent Durac (2011b) Civil Society and Democratization in the Arab World: The Dynamics of Activism. London: Routledge. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000296269707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Francesco Cavatorta and Vincent Durac (2011c) Civil Society and Democratization in the Arab World: The Dynamics of Activism. London: Routledge. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000296269707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Francesco Cavatorta and Vincent Durac (2011d) Civil Society and Democratization in the Arab World: The Dynamics of Activism. London: Routledge. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000296269707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Francesco Cavatorta and Vincent Durac (2011e) Civil Society and Democratization in the Arab World: The Dynamics of Activism. London: Routledge. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000296269707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Goldstone, J.A. (2014) ‘Chapter 1: What is a Revolution?’, in Revolutions: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 1–9. Available at: https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ich&AN=ICHA993914&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Guillermo O’Donnell and Philippe C. Schmitter (1986a) ‘“Negotiating (and Renegotiating) Pacts”’, in Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore, Md: John Hopkins University Press, pp. 37–47. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=33ea387c-a15c-e611-80c6-005056af4099.
Guillermo O’Donnell and Philippe C. Schmitter (1986b) ‘“Negotiating (and Renegotiating) Pacts”’, in Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore, Md: John Hopkins University Press, pp. 37–47. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=33ea387c-a15c-e611-80c6-005056af4099.
Guillermo O’Donnell and Philippe C. Schmitter (1986c) ‘“Negotiating (and Renegotiating) Pacts”’, in Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore, Md: John Hopkins University Press, pp. 37–47. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=33ea387c-a15c-e611-80c6-005056af4099.
Guillermo O’Donnell and Philippe C. Schmitter (1986d) Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore, Md: John Hopkins University Press. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991008727919707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Guillermo O’Donnell and Philippe C. Schmitter (1986e) Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore, Md: John Hopkins University Press. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991008727919707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Guillermo O’Donnell and Philippe C. Schmitter (1986f) Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore, Md: John Hopkins University Press. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991008727919707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Herb, M. (1997) ‘Chapter 1: Introduction’, in All in the Family: Absolutism, Revolution, and Democracy in the Middle Eastern Monarchies. Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. 1–19. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991013244639707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
James D. Le Sueur (2010a) Algeria Since 1989: Between Terror and Democracy. London: Zed Books. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000520639707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
James D. Le Sueur (2010b) Algeria Since 1989: Between Terror and Democracy. London: Zed Books. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000520639707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Jort Hemmer (2009a) ‘Ticking the Box: Elections in Sudan’. Clingendael Institute. Available at: https://www.clingendael.org/publication/ticking-box-elections-sudan.
Jort Hemmer (2009b) ‘Ticking the Box: Elections in Sudan’. Clingendael Institute. Available at: https://www.clingendael.org/publication/ticking-box-elections-sudan.
Joseph Sassoon (2016a) Anatomy of Authoritarianism in the Arab Republics. Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991001279989707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Joseph Sassoon (2016b) Anatomy of Authoritarianism in the Arab Republics. Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991001279989707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Kenneth Perkins (2013) A History of Modern Tunisia. Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991003462539707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Kenneth Perkins (2014) A History of Modern Tunisia. Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991003462539707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Kristina Kausch (2009) ‘Tunisia: The Life of Others (FRIDE Working Paper 85)’. Available at: http://www.fride.org/descarga/FRIDE-WP85-INGLES.pdf .
Kristina Kausch (2009) ‘Tunisia: The Life of Others (FRIDE Working Paper 85)’. Available at: http://fride.org/descarga/FRIDE-WP85-INGLES.pdf.
Lisa Blaydes (2011a) Elections and Distributive Politics in Mubarak’s Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000464929707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Lisa Blaydes (2011b) Elections and Distributive Politics in Mubarak’s Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000464929707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Luis Martínez (2007a) ‘“Is the Jamahiriya reformable?”’, in The Libyan Paradox. London: Hurst & Company, pp. 117–151. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=c9908633-b15c-e611-80c6-005056af4099.
Luis Martínez (2007b) ‘“Is the Jamahiriya reformable?”’, in The Libyan Paradox. London: Hurst & Company, pp. 117–151. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=c9908633-b15c-e611-80c6-005056af4099.
Luis Martínez (2007c) The Libyan Paradox. London: Hurst & Company.
Luis Martínez (2007d) The Libyan Paradox. London: Hurst & Company.
Marc Lynch (ed.) (2014a) The Arab Uprisings Explained: New Contentious Politics in the Middle East. West Sussex, England: Columbia University Press. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000874889707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Marc Lynch (ed.) (2014b) The Arab Uprisings Explained: New Contentious Politics in the Middle East. West Sussex, England: Columbia University Press. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000874889707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Marc Lynch (ed.) (2014c) The Arab Uprisings Explained: New Contentious Politics in the Middle East. West Sussex, England: Columbia University Press. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000874889707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Matthiesen, T. (2013) Sectarian Gulf: Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the Arab Spring that Wasn’t. Palo Alto, Calif: Stanford University Press. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991002447109707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Nouri Gana (ed.) (2013a) The Making of the Tunisian Revolution: Contexts, Architects, Prospects. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991003406109707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Nouri Gana (ed.) (2013b) The Making of the Tunisian Revolution: Contexts, Architects, Prospects. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991003406109707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Owen, R. (2014) The Rise and Fall of Arab Presidents for Life: With a New Afterword. First Harvard University Press paperback edition. Cambridge, Massacusetts: Harvard University Press. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991004512539707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Pargeter, A. (2016a) ‘Chapter 11: Libya: From Reform to Revolution’, in North African Politics: Change and Continuity. London: Routledge, pp. 178–195. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000899489707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Pargeter, A. (2016b) ‘Chapter 11: Libya: From Reform to Revolution’, in North African Politics: Change and Continuity. London: Routledge, pp. 178–195. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000899489707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Pargeter, A. (2016c) ‘Chapter 11: Libya: From Reform to Revolution’, in North African Politics: Change and Continuity. London: Routledge, pp. 178–195. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000899489707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Pargeter, A. (2016d) ‘Chapter 11: Libya: From Reform to Revolution’, in North African Politics: Change and Continuity. London: Routledge, pp. 178–195. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000899489707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Pargeter, A. (2016e) ‘Chapter 11: Libya: From Reform to Revolution’, in North African Politics: Change and Continuity. London: Routledge, pp. 178–195. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000899489707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Philippe C. Schmitter (2010a) ‘“Twenty-Five Years, Fifteen Findings”’, Journal of Democracy, 21(1), pp. 17–28. Available at: https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edspmu&AN=edspmu.S1086321409100209&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Philippe C. Schmitter (2010b) ‘“Twenty-Five Years, Fifteen Findings”’, Journal of Democracy, 21(1), pp. 17–28. Available at: https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edspmu&AN=edspmu.S1086321409100209&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Philippe Schmitter (2010) ‘“Twenty-Five Years, Fifteen Findings”’, Journal of democracy, 21(1), pp. 17–28.
Ricardo René Larémont (ed.) (2013a) Revolution, Revolt, and Reform in North Africa: The Arab Spring and Beyond. Routledge. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000924249707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Ricardo René Larémont (ed.) (2013b) Revolution, Revolt, and Reform in North Africa: The Arab Spring and Beyond. Routledge. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000924249707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Ricardo René Larémont (ed.) (2013c) Revolution, Revolt, and Reform in North Africa: The Arab Spring and Beyond. Routledge. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000924249707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Ricardo René Larémont (ed.) (2013d) Revolution, Revolt, and Reform in North Africa: The Arab Spring and Beyond. Routledge. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000924249707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Robert O. Collins (2008a) A History of Modern Sudan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Robert O. Collins (2008b) A History of Modern Sudan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Robert O. Collins (2008c) A History of Modern Sudan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Robert O. Collins (2008d) ‘“The islamist revolution: The Turabi years, 1989-1996”’, in A History of Modern Sudan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 185–217. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=ace883e0-ab5c-e611-80c6-005056af4099.
Robert O. Collins (2008e) ‘“The islamist revolution: The Turabi years, 1989-1996”’, in A History of Modern Sudan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 185–217. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=ace883e0-ab5c-e611-80c6-005056af4099.
Samer S. Shehata (ed.) (2012a) Islamist Politics in the Middle East: Movements and Change. London: Routledge. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991002447409707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Samer S. Shehata (ed.) (2012b) Islamist Politics in the Middle East: Movements and Change. London: Routledge. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991002447409707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Valeri, M. (2015) ‘Simmering Unrest and Succession Challenges in Oman’. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Available at: http://encore.exeter.ac.uk/iii/encore/record/C__Rx1039612?lang=eng.
Vandewalle, D. (2012) A History of Modern Libya. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://encore.exeter.ac.uk/iii/encore/record/C__Rb3448411?lang=eng.
von Weitershausen, I. (2015a) ‘Chapter 6: Foreign Engagement in Contentious Politics: Europe and the 2011 Uprisings in Libya’, in Contentious Politics in the Middle East: Popular Resistance and Marginalized Activism Beyond the Arab Uprisings. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 155–168. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991002743239707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
von Weitershausen, I. (2015b) ‘Chapter 6: Foreign Engagement in Contentious Politics: Europe and the 2011 Uprisings in Libya’, in Contentious Politics in the Middle East: Popular Resistance and Marginalized Activism Beyond the Arab Uprisings. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 155–168. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991002743239707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
