Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane (no date). Available at: http://www.tyndalearchive.com/tabs/lane/.
Black, A. (2008) The West and Islam: Religion and Political Thought in World History. Oxford University Press. Available at: https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199533206.001.0001/acprof-9780199533206.
Bridging World History (no date). Available at: http://www.learner.org/courses/worldhistory/.
Cook, M.A. (2000) The Koran : a very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Exeter&isbn=9780191578274.
Cook, M.A. (2005) A brief history of the human race. London: Granta.
Crone, P. (1989) Pre-industrial societies. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Crone, P. (2004a) God’s rule: government and Islam. New York: Columbia University Press.
Crone, P. (2004b) God’s rule: government and Islam. New York: Columbia University Press.
Crone, P. (2004c) Medieval Islamic political thought. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991014361949707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
Crone, P. (2005) Medieval Islamic Political Thought. Edinburgh University Press. Available at: https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1r1z0k.
Crone, P. (2015) Pre-industrial societies: anatomy of the pre-modern world. London: Oneworld. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991004364119707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
DIN 31635 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (no date). Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIN_31635.
Index Islamicus : new books, articles and reviews on Islam and the Muslim world (no date). Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991012480009707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
iQuran - Qur’anic Research Online (no date). Available at: http://www.openislam.org/.
‘Journal of Abbasid Studies - Instructions for Authors’ (no date). Available at: http://www.brill.com/files/brill.nl/specific/authors_instructions/JAS.pdf.
JSTOR journal archive (no date). Available at: https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/.
McAuliffe, J.D. (2001) Encyclopaedia of the Qurʼān. Leiden: Brill. Available at: https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.brillonline.nl/browse/encyclopaedia-of-the-quran.
‘Richard Bulliet - History of the World to 1500 CE (Session 1) - Introduction to World History’ (11AD). Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_w7pfulsn8.
Robinson, C.F. (2003) Islamic historiography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
The Encyclopædia Iranica (no date). Available at: http://www.iranicaonline.org/.
The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New edition (1960). Leiden: E.J. Brill. Available at: https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991006461759707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default.
The Holy Quran (no date). Available at: http://quran.muslim-web.com/.
The Quranic Arabic Corpus - Word by Word Grammar, Syntax and Morphology of the Holy Quran (no date). Available at: http://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp.
www.alwaraq.net (no date). Available at: http://www.alwaraq.net/Core/index.jsp?option=1.